Presentation by N. C. Palmero Cruz at SPIE-ETAI, San Diego, 5 August 2025

Light sheet fluorescence image of a zebrafish larva showing neuronal structures in the brain (green) and gut (purple). Schematic network representations illustrate putative neuronal connectivity within each region, with nodes representing neuronal cell bodies and edges indicating potential functional or structural links. The eye is indicated for anatomical reference. (Image by N. C. Palmero Cruz.)
Exploring gut-brain connectivity using zebrafish and graph theory
Norma Caridad Palmero Cruz, Sarah B. Flensburg, Hang Zhao, Antonio Ciarlo, Caroline Beck Adiels, Gilles Vanwalleghem, Giovanni Volpe
Date: 5 August 2025
Time: 3:15 – 3:30 PM
Place: Conv. Ctr. Room 4

The gut-brain axis constitutes a fundamental communication network linking the microbiome, enteric nervous system, and central nervous system, and is increasingly recognized for its role in mental health disorders. Although substantial progress has been made in characterizing this axis, the translation of research findings into clinical applications remains limited. In the present study, zebrafish are employed as a model organism due to their genetic and physiological similarities to humans, allowing the investigation of gut-brain interactions under controlled conditions. An experimental platform has been developed that integrates microfluidic, optical tweezers, and light sheet microscopy to introduce defined bacterial strains into the gut and to manipulate the local environment. This setup enables real-time, in vivo recording of neuronal activity across different stages of infection. By applying graph theoretical analysis to high-resolution imaging data, the study aims to characterize the neural connectivity of the gut-brain axis, potentially informing new strategies for understanding and treating mental and neurological disorders.